Appalachian Dulcimer vs. Hammered Dulcimer: What’s the Difference?

The dulcimer is a unique and versatile instrument that appears in different forms across cultures. In the United States, two main types stand out: the Appalachian dulcimer and the hammered dulcimer. While they share a name, these instruments differ significantly in structure, playing technique, and musical applications.

Origins and History

The Appalachian dulcimer, also known as the mountain dulcimer, has deep roots in the folk music traditions of the Appalachian region. It evolved from European stringed instruments and became popular among settlers in the 19th century due to its simplicity and portability.

The hammered dulcimer, on the other hand, has a much older history, dating back to ancient Persia (modern-day Iran). Variations of the hammered dulcimer exist in cultures worldwide, including the santur in the Middle East and the cimbalom in Eastern Europe. It arrived in America with European immigrants and was adapted into American folk music traditions.

Physical Differences

Shape & Size: The Appalachian dulcimer has a narrow, hourglass or teardrop-shaped wooden body and is typically smaller and more compact. The hammered dulcimer is a larger, trapezoidal instrument with a broad soundboard.

Strings & Layout: The Appalachian dulcimer usually has three to five strings stretched over a fretboard. The hammered dulcimer has dozens of strings, arranged in courses (groups of strings tuned together) stretched over a hollow soundboard.

Playing Technique

Appalachian Dulcimer: Played by plucking or strumming the strings while pressing them down on a fretboard, much like a guitar or mandolin. It is usually played on the lap.

Hammered Dulcimer: Played by striking the strings with small wooden mallets called hammers, producing a percussive, bell-like tone. It is typically set on a stand or table for playing.

Sound and Musical Style

The Appalachian dulcimer produces a soft, melodic, and droning sound, making it ideal for traditional folk tunes, ballads, and simple melodies. It’s often used for solo playing and accompaniment in folk music.

The hammered dulcimer has a bright, resonant, and harp-like sound due to its percussive nature. It is more versatile in terms of dynamics and can be found in folk, Celtic, classical, and even orchestral music.

Which One Should You Choose?

If you’re looking for an easier-to-learn instrument with a gentle folk sound, the Appalachian dulcimer is a great choice. If you prefer a rhythmic, more complex instrument with a rich and shimmering tone, the hammered dulcimer might be for you.

Both instruments have their charm and place in folk and world music. Whether you’re drawn to the simplicity of the Appalachian dulcimer or the dynamic sound of the hammered dulcimer, each offers a unique and rewarding playing experience.

Also Read: The Clarinet in Jazz: Exploring Its Role and Influence

—Silviya.Y